Obesity is an epidemic. Currently 41.9% of adults in the United States are considered obese. Additionally, nearly 1 in 3 adults (30.7%) are overweight. The data shows that more than 2 in 5 adults (42.4%) have obesity, and about 1 in 11 adults (9.2%) have severe obesity. These statistics are alarming and leave many of those who are considered overweight or obese looking for a way to lose weight.
While lifestyle changes like diet and exercise are the cornerstones of weight management, some individuals may need additional help, which is where weight loss prescriptions come into play. However, it's crucial to understand the safety and side effects associated with these medications.
Understanding Weight Loss Prescriptions
Weight loss medications are designed to help individuals who have health risks due to being overweight or obesity. They work in various ways, such as reducing appetite, increasing feelings of fullness, or interfering with the absorption of fat.
Commonly Prescribed Weight Loss Medications
- GLP-1 agonists = glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists: is a hormone that has many actions on glucose and reduces appetite. Initially a diabetes medication that began in 2005 that was later FDA approved for weight loss.
- Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, oral form is Rybelsus)
- Liraglutide (Saxenda)
- GIP+GLP-1: terzepatide (Mounjaro): combines two different hormones that mimic naturally occurring hormones in the body that act on glucose and insulin while also reducing appetite and promoting weight loss.
- Bupropion and Naltrexone (Contrave): Combines a medication used for depression and smoking cessation with a drug that treats alcohol and opioid dependence.
- Phentermine and Topiramate (Qsymia): Combines an appetite suppressant and a drug that increases feelings of fullness.
- Orlistat (Xenical, Alli): Works by inhibiting fat absorption in the intestine.
Safety Considerations
Before starting any weight loss medication, it's essential to consider the following:
- Not for Cosmetic Weight Loss: These medications are meant for people with a high body mass index (BMI) (often 30 or greater) who have not been able to lose weight through diet and exercise alone, and have health risks due to their weight.
- Medical Evaluation: A thorough medical evaluation by a healthcare provider is necessary to determine if a prescription is appropriate, considering medical history and potential interactions with other medications.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor the effectiveness and any side effects.
Potential Side Effects
Each weight loss medication comes with its own set of potential side effects.
GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1
- Gastrointestinal Distress: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Pancreatitis Risk: Patients should be aware of the symptoms of pancreatitis.
Bupropion and Naltrexone
- Nausea and Headache: Common initial side effects.
- Mood and Behavior Changes: Monitoring for depression or suicidal thoughts is necessary.
- Insomnia/Poor Sleep
Phentermine and Topiramate
- Mood Changes: Sleep issues, anxiety, and depression.
- Cognitive Effects: Memory and attention disturbances.
- Teratogenicity: Should not be used during pregnancy as it can harm the fetus.
Orlistat
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Oily or fatty stools, stomach pain, and difficulty controlling bowel movements.
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiency: It may reduce the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Do I Need a Prescription for Weight Loss?
While weight loss medications can be beneficial in managing obesity and its related health conditions, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution and come with potential risks and side effects. A comprehensive approach involving dietary changes, physical activity, behavior changes, and, where appropriate, medication, is the key to successful long-term weight management.
It's crucial for anyone considering weight loss prescriptions to consult with their healthcare provider to discuss the best and safest approach for their individual health needs. Remember, these medications are tools to help with weight loss, but they work best when combined with healthy lifestyle changes.
Learn more about our Weight Loss and Nutritional Counseling services today.