As a group of caring family doctors, we often encounter questions from concerned parents and caregivers about various infectious diseases that can affect their loved ones, especially the young and the elderly. One such disease that has gained attention in recent times is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Let's dive into understanding what RSV is and the current status of a vaccine for this virus.
What is RSV and is There a Vaccine?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, particularly for infants and older adults. The virus leads to infection of the lungs and respiratory tract, which can be quite distressing in young children.
Symptoms of RSV
- Runny nose
- Decrease in appetite
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Fever
- Wheezing
In very young infants, the only symptoms might be irritability, decreased activity, poor feeding, and breathing difficulties.
Who is at Risk?
While anyone can get RSV, certain groups are at higher risk for severe illness:
- Infants, especially those 6 months and younger
- Older adults, especially those 65 years and older
- People with chronic heart or lung disease
- People with weakened immune systems
Is There a Vaccine for RSV?
In late 2023, the FDA approved an RSV vaccine for adults. It can be given to adults 60 years and older and to pregnant women between 32-36 weeks gestation who will deliver their baby during RSV season (Sept-Jan). The vaccine helps protect the baby against RSV after birth.
In August 2023, the CDC approved an RSV preventive antibody, given as an injection, to infants younger than 8 months born during or entering their first RSV season. It is also recommended for infants and children 8-19 months old at increased risk for severe RSV disease and entering their second RSV season. The antibodies help the infant fight the virus if the infant is exposed, thus helping prevent severe disease.
Preventing RSV
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Avoid close contact with sick people.
- Keep your environment clean. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs and mobile devices.
- Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
- If you are sick, keep a distance from others to protect them from getting sick too.
Treatment for RSV
Treatment for RSV generally involves managing symptoms. Most RSV infections go away on their own. However, in severe cases, especially in high-risk groups (infants and adults 60 and older), hospitalization may be required to provide supportive care, such as oxygen therapy, IV fluids, and more intensive monitoring. If your loved ones symptoms are severe and/or begin to worsen they should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible.
Talk to Your Doctor
As always, consult with your primary care physician for the best advice tailored to your or your loved one's health situation.
Remember, staying informed and vigilant is the key to protecting your health and the health of those around you from RSV and other infectious diseases.